Academic Research Responses to Covid-19: The Corporate Social Responsibility Perspective

This study investigates the strategic responses to the Covid-19 pandemic by academic research from the distinctive lens of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Specifically, it examines the evolution and trend of published academic research covering the CSR-Covid-19 nexus by highlighting key characteristics of published theoretical and empirical research linking the two elements. A total of 99 papers on CSR-Covid-19 nexus derived from Scopus database were analysed using bibliometrics, social network techniques and content analysis to examine the research activities since the start of the pandemic up to November 2021. The results indicate that the pandemic had effectively stimulated rapid growth of research interests examining the intertwined nature of CSR and Covid-19 as reflected in the swift proliferation of studies theoretically explaining and empirically testing the roles and impacts of CSR on various Covid-19 outcomes within myriads of domains, including but not limited to health, business practices, economics, and socials. The practical implications of this article lies on its ability to accentuate key research characteristics that early and/or mature researchers should consider when planning their future research trajectory on the link between CSR and Covid-19.

Teaching and Learning Amidst Double Disaster: A Case of Post-Traumatic Events among Students

This study aims to investigate the challenges faced by these affected individuals, factors that motivate the students' return to school following the disaster and their ways of dealing with the challenges regarding teaching and learning. The year 2020 and 2021 witnessed how the world had to deal with the unprecedented educational circumstance prompted by a global pandemic. The swift change to online learning was stressful and taxing in many ways, for both students and teachers, affecting their physical and mental health. With the combination of pandemic and natural disasters, the distress caused by these successive events may have become a hindrance to students' deep involvement in learning and the whole teaching and learning process. The study adopted a qualitative approach using an online survey, and 409 participants were selected from stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was administered to obtain quantitative data which were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that the double disaster heightened the level of stress, causing academic, behavioural, and financial pressure to increase among these students. However, financial constraint also turns out to be one of the prominent factors that restored their motivation to return to school or college. Among the dominant coping strategies employed by the students were prioritizing human interactions, positive reframing, and religious coping © 2023, Asian Journal of University Education.All Rights Reserved.

Detection of Leptospira DNA among Post-Mortem Specimens during Covid-19 Pandemic

Intro: Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis with a global health concern. In Malaysia, leptospirosis incidence remains significant, since its first gazettement as a compulsorily notifiable disease in 2010. However, the prevalence of this disease among local forensic cases is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the frequency of human leptospirosis among post-mortem specimens. Method(s): Archived forensic specimens referred to the Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Malaysia between January 2020 and December 2021 were retrieved. DNA from the specimens were extracted using an automated MagNA Pure 96 instrument and subjected to in-house qPCR targeting LipL32 gene and 16S rRNA gene of the pathogenic group of Leptospira spp. Amplification of RNaseP gene was included as internal amplification control (IAC). Finding(s): A total of 408 forensic specimens from 365 patients were received during the study period. Majority of the specimens were blood (n = 195, 47.8%), followed by tissue (n = 136, 33.3%) and liver (n = 59, 14.5%). Of the tested specimens, 2.2% (n = 9) were positive for leptospiral DNA. These positive specimens belonged to 9 different patients, of which the vast majority were male (n = 8, 88.9%), with an average age of 37.5 years. Conclusion(s): Albeit low detection of leptospiral DNA among forensic specimens in Malaysia, this study highlighted that majority of the positive patients were males of productive age.Copyright © 2023

Efficiency of Online Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on campuses, compelling learning systems to shift away from face-to-face engagement and toward online instruction. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of remote learning in the event of a COVID-19 pandemic. To obtain responses, a self-administered online survey was used. After data screening, 315 data were proceeded to the next analysis. Additionally, the data were devoid of missing cases and outliers. The measuring model was evaluated for indicator and internal consistency reliability, convergent and discriminant validity. Meanwhile, the structural model was evaluated by SmartPLS version 3.2.9 utilising the bootstrapping approach. Findings revealed self-discipline and flexibility were significant towards effectiveness of online learning among students at the UiTM Kelantan, Kota Bharu Campus. The findings argue that, in the modern era, internet technologies have increased the flexibility of post secondary education in a variety of ways. Institutions should make strategic use of these new flexibility, concentrating on chances to engage students more deeply in learning that results in practical outcomes. © 2023, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. All rights reserved.

Perceptions of Postgraduates Majoring in English Education on Speaking Assessment Module for Online Distance Learning (ODL)

—Assessment of speaking skills differs from other language skills. The methods of conducting speaking skills are included in the English Assessment Module developed by the researchers from the National University of Malaysia (UKM). The module is designed to cater postgraduates (adult learners) through Online Distance Learning (ODL) program. ODL has become essential in education setting for adult learners as they could manage their learning whilst juggling their career and personal commitments. The covid-19 pandemic has become the starting point for postgraduates to conduct the course remotely according to their preferences of learning. The revolution of education allows adult learners to pursue their Masters. The module includes various types of English language assessments in the context of speaking English as a Second Language (ESL). Hence, eight adult learners were interviewed to give their perceptions towards this newly designed module. This qualitative research method employed a set of semi-structured interview questions and open-ended questions via Google Meet. The findings showed that English Assessment Module;Speaking Assessment is well equipped with comprehensive information and guidelines on how the speaking assessments should be conducted in ESL context. Generally, the findings indicate that the English Assessment Module;Speaking Assessment is suitable for ODL postgraduates (adult learners). This paper also includes the participants' suggestions to further improve the module. The findings could benefit the online distance course designers in designing better module for adult learners and enable the learners to learn effectively at their own convenience. © 2023 ACADEMY PUBLICATION.

The moderating role of market turbulence beyond the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine crisis on the relationship between intellectual capital and business sustainability

This paper examines the role of Intellectual Capital (IC) and its contribution to Business Sustainability (BS) among Large Manufacturing Firms (LMF) in Malaysia. It seeks to explain the relationship between them under turbulent market conditions. The study used the survey method to collect data from 203 large companies, and the hypotheses were tested using Partial-Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling. Based on the findings, two dimensions of IC, namely Human capital (HC) and Structural Capital (SC), had a significant effect on business sustainability, but Relational Capital (RC) did not. Also results indicate that Market Turbulence (MT) moderates the relationship between two IC dimensions, HC and RC but not that between SC and BS. The study findings can be used as guidelines by CEOs of LMFs, policy makers and researchers to comprehend positive the influence of MT and IC on BS. © 2022

System Characteristics in Predicting E-Learning Acceptance: An Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Study

Learning habits among students in higher institution, has radically changed over the last two decades, partially due to the features of the information and digital society, wide scale broadband internet access, proliferation of smart devices and consequently, available online mobile applications. Thus, in higher education, e-learning systems are essential, and the COVID-19 pandemic era has seen an increase in popularity of e-learning. Thus, it is critical to establish the extent to which students in higher education adopt e-learning. This paper focuses at developing a framework for e-learning technologies through the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by incorporating system characteristics as its' extended variable, which consists of three main constructs: system quality, content quality and information quality among university students in Malaysia. Regarding the system characteristics, the findings suggested that all three components that make up system characteristics had a significant positive influence on students' perceived ease of use of the e-learning system, whereas only system quality and information quality had a significant positive impact on students' perceived usefulness of the e-learning system. With respect to TAM, all relationships were found to be significant. © 2022 IEEE.

Effectiveness of Messenger RNA Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hemodialysis Patients: A Case-Control Study.

Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications compared with the general population. Several studies evaluated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in the dialysis population but showed mixed results. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in hemodialysis (HD) patients in the State of Qatar. We included all adult ESKD patients on chronic HD who had at least one SARS-CoV-2 PCR test done after the introduction of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines on 24 December 2020. Vaccinated patients who were only tested before receiving any dose of their COVID-19 vaccine or within 14 days after receiving the first vaccine dose were excluded from the study. We used a test-negative case−control design to determine the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccination. Sixty-eight patients had positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests (cases), while 714 patients had negative tests (controls). Ninety-one percent of patients received the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Compared with the controls, the cases were more likely to be older (62 ± 14 vs. 57 ± 15, p = 0.02), on dialysis for more than one year (84% vs. 72%, p = 0.03), unvaccinated (46% vs. 5%, p < 0.0001), and symptomatic (54% vs. 21%, p < 0.0001). The effectiveness of receiving two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 94.7% (95% CI: 89.9−97.2) in our HD population. The findings of this study support the importance of using the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in chronic HD patients to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in such a high-risk population.

Factors Affecting Online Banking Adoption among Students During COVID-19: Case of Universiti Utara Malaysia-UUM

Online banking-OB is a new information system that uses the Internet's creative resources to allow users to access a growing variety of financial services. It offers that country an advantage over other countries in financial transactions. During the lockdown and implementation of social distancing, it was difficult for students to buy daily necessities in stores, and many Malaysians turned to the Internet to fulfil their purchasing requirements. This paper aims to explore the adoption of online banking and describe the factors affecting online banking adoption among undergraduate students at UUM. The data was collected through a quantitative approach using a random sampling technique. A total of 210 students were selected and filled out the questionnaire. The study found that most students adopt online banking, and perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and consumer attitude represent most factors influencing online banking adoption. © 2022 IEEE.

Smart Farming IoT Based Management during Post Covid-19

The aim of this project is to construct portable smart farming management tools that could be helpful for the farmer involved in the pineapple industry. The project also aims to focus on the productivity of the plant by varying the fertilizer contents. During the Covid-19 pandemic that impacts all industries especially the agriculture industry, the farmers had an issue related to precision in terms of monitoring the soil condition of their crops due to limitations on the mobility of people across borders and lockdowns are contributing to labor shortages. Therefore, this study expected to look at the possibilities of the Smart Farming Management Tool Internet-of-Things based to be implemented in helping farmers to keep on track of the soil conditions in their crops via smartphones. © 2022 IEEE.

A catastrophic case of Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) with small bowel obstruction

There is no definitive guideline to distinguish multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with gastrointestinal symptoms from surgically-based pathologies such as volvulus. A 9-year-old boy presented with periumbilical abdominal pain and non-bilious vomiting. A week prior, he and his family had fever. He arrived at the emergency department dehydrated and in shock. His abdomen was soft, non-tender and non-distended. Abdominal x-ray showed faecal loading and no dilated bowel while ultrasound showed features of enterocolitis. The polymerase chain reaction was positive for SARS-CoV-2. He was treated for MIS-C and intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone were administered. Later, there was progressive abdominal distention where CT angiography of abdomen demonstrated ascites and generalized small bowel dilatation and thickening. Exploratory laparotomy found small bowel volvulus and anomalous bands (AB). SARS-CoV- 2 has been speculated to trigger dysregulation of the immune response resulting in multiorgan failure. Around 68.3% - 73.7% of MIS-C patients had gastrointestinal symptoms. Small bowel obstruction secondary to AB is a rare entity contributing only about 3% of the total cases2. AB may be acquired as a result of an infection or inflammatory condition, or it may be congenital. The diagnosis of obstructed congenital AB was based on the exclusion of acquired cause 3. Recent SARS-CoV-2 infection may have contributed to this patient's condition. As immunomodulatory therapies are required, it is crucial to consider MIS-C in the diagnostic process. This case illustrates the complexity in attaining a diagnosis. COVID-19 can cause a myriad of inflammatory dysregulation which in turn, present as a multitude of symptoms. Physicians in all time should always think of other possible causes of the symptoms to ensure the best course of management for the patient.

Efficiency of Online Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on campuses, compelling learning systems to shift away from face-to-face engagement and toward online instruction. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of remote learning in the event of a COVID-19 pandemic. To obtain responses, a self-administered online survey was used. After data screening, 315 data were proceeded to the next analysis. Additionally, the data were devoid of missing cases and outliers. The measuring model was evaluated for indicator and internal consistency reliability, convergent and discriminant validity. Meanwhile, the structural model was evaluated by SmartPLS version 3.2.9 utilising the bootstrapping approach. Findings revealed self-discipline and flexibility were significant towards effectiveness of online learning among students at the UiTM Kelantan, Kota Bharu Campus. The findings argue that, in the modern era, internet technologies have increased the flexibility of post secondary education in a variety of ways. Institutions should make strategic use of these new flexibility, concentrating on chances to engage students more deeply in learning that results in practical outcomes. © 2023, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. All rights reserved.

Food safety knowledge and risk perception among pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundPregnant women are at a higher risk of food poisoning compared to the general population. This can be detrimental to both the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and risk perception of basic food safety and handling among pregnant women in Jordan amid the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study among pregnant women in Jordan was conducted using an online questionnaire between November 2020 and January 2021. The survey included socio-demographic data, food safety knowledge, and risk perception questions as well as COVID-19 related questions. A total score for food safety awareness out of 50 was derived for each participant based on the sum of scores from all domains. Student t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were conducted using SPSS (Version 26) to compare the mean sum of correct responses of every section (knowledge score) by sociodemographic characteristics. ResultsA total of 325 participants completed the web-based survey. Most of the participants reported receiving food safety-related information during pregnancy (64.9%). The mean total score for the participants was 23.3 +/- 4.6 out of 50 (score percentage 46.6%). Participants were mostly aware of foodborne diseases (82.7%) followed by cleaning and sanitation (51.2%), and personal hygiene (49.1%). The least amount of awareness was observed in the cross-contamination (35.0%), food consumption and safety (35.0%), and temperature control (32.8%) domains. Older participants and those with higher education had significantly higher mean scores (p < 0.001). Most participants agreed that the pandemic had a positive impact on enhancing the measures taken to maintain food safety during the pandemic. ConclusionsThis study identified gaps in food safety-related knowledge. Educational programs for pregnant women need robust reinforcement within the community. Efficient educational approaches related to food safety should be provided by health care providers and local health authorities. While the COVID-19 pandemic persists, pregnant women must be well-educated about the virus and its prevention strategies to avoid being infected and ensure their baby's safety as well as their own.

Students’ Acceptance of Using CIDOS 3.5 for Learning Communicative English During Covid-19 Pandemic

In these times of globalization, it is impossible to avoid progressive educational development. The unanticipated Covid-19 pandemic has impacted negatively on Malaysia's education system, especially at the tertiary level. Thus, Malaysian Polytechnics were forced to turn to virtual teaching and learning methods. The study's featured Learning Management System (LMS) is CIDOS 3.5, which all lecturers and students are encouraged to use during the tough period. The research design is a quantitative approach. The respondents were chosen through purposive sampling based on the course they enrolled using LMS (CIDOS 3.5) they used during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The online cross-sectional survey from 100 tertiary Communicative English students at one of the Polytechnics in Sarawak, Malaysia was collected to evaluate their perceptions on CIDOS 3.5 during the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings found a high level of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and Behavioral Intention. Pearson correlation coefficient indicates a statistically significant relationship between Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease on Behavioral Intention in using LMS CIDOS 3.5 among Communicative English students at this institution in Sarawak. © 2022 ACADEMY PUBLICATION.

National response to the COVID-19 Omicron variant crisis in the ambulatory hemodialysis service in the State of Qatar.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant worldwide impact since its emergence in 2019. End-stage kidney disease patients have been among the most vulnerable population affected and have a higher risk of acquiring infection and developing more severe disease. We have encountered three major COVID-19 waves in Qatar and they have required different strategies to overcome. The most recent wave was due to the Omicron variant characterized by higher transmissibility. The monthly incidence of COVID-19 infection during the Omicron wave in patients with end-stage renal disease peaked at 256 patients compared to 35 and 39 patients during the first and second waves, respectively. In addition, more than one-third of our dialysis staff became infected during this wave. Unlike the previous two waves, COVID-19 due to the Omicron variant was less severe with only 5% of hemodialysis patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit compared to 25% during the previous waves. The Omicron variant wave resulted in a crisis in our country due to the high number of non-hospitalized COVID-19 hemodialysis patients and the severe staff shortage. Several measures were taken to overcome the crisis, such as designating one facility to dialyze all COVID-19 ambulatory patients, reducing dialysis sessions to 3 hours, and introducing a fourth dialysis shift. This article describes the challenges we faced in the ambulatory hemodialysis service during the Omicron wave and the measures taken in the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 designated facilities to combat the crisis.

Predicting the Acceptance of Cloud Computing in Higher Education Institutions by Extending the Technology Readiness Theory

The COVID-19 outbreak has impacted almost every facet of life, including education. Technology has almost entirely replaced conventional face-to-face teaching and learning environment. This public health calamity has hastened the digitisation of education, which was previously only provided without a repellent component. Cloud computing is widely used in education, notably higher education, to provide online access and share teaching resources, educational information, notes, lectures, and academic assessments. But, while observing technology's grandeur, are people prepared to accept an avalanche of information resources and open online access via cloud-based services? Thus, this study investigated users' readiness and acceptability of cloud computing in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Using the Structural Equation Modelling analysis, this study surveyed 470 individuals from Malaysian HEIs using the Technology Acceptance Model and Technology Readiness Index models. Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness is positively relevant in understanding why a user chooses cloud computing. The environment of the learning process and the security factors are positive predictors of cloud computing use intention. Optimism and Innovativeness have been demonstrated to impact technology acceptance factors substantially. On the other hand, Discomfort and Insecurity do not affect technology acceptance, except for Insecurity, which negatively affects Perceived Usefulness. This research adds to the growing knowledge about technology readiness and acceptance, especially after a pandemic hits the world. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.

Issues and solutions on Inventive Problems-Solving Skills (IPSS) in invention course

Inventive Problem-Solving Skills (IPSS) is the ability to solve difficulties efficiently and without hindrance. The aim of this study is to identify issues, importance, and solutions in identifying the causes of inventive design problems among students and teachers of Invention. In addition, there are two objectives of the study (1) to identify the differences in the importance and issues of IPSS among students and teachers of Invention, and (2) to identify the importance, issues and proposed solutions of IPSS by Invention’s teachers. This study has a used mixed-method an approach that includes quantitative and qualitative methods. For the first objective quantitative will be used by making a questionnaire while for the second objective, the mixed method was used by using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The survey covered a total of 133 students and 30 Invention teachers from a secondary school in Johor. In this study, SPSS software was used to obtain the data. As a result, there was no significant difference in significance [t (133) = 2.915;p = .194, (p > .05)] or problem [t (133) = .142;p = .09, (p > .05)] for gender, according to t-test findings. The level of significance was then determined using a two-way ANOVA test. Subsequently, two-way ANOVA tests revealed that importance (F (30) = 2.874, p = .061) and problem (F (30) = 6.846, p = .112) abilities were not influenced by teacher gender or teaching experience. To identify the root cause of inventive problems, the majority of teachers prefer to use Functional Analysis to apply the Theory of Inventive Problem-Solving Skills (TRIZ). As a result, the creation of self-learning modules is offered as a teaching resource to help students use their abilities in the Invention course. Thus, the objective has been well achieved to (1) identify the differences in importance and issues of IPSS among students and teachers of Invention, and (2) identify the importance, issues and proposed solutions of IPSS by Invention’s teachers. Among the challenges faced in this study was that communication between students and teachers was done virtually on deck due to the Covid-19 issue that struck. © 2022, author.

Effects of first-wave COVID-19 outbreak on emergency department utilization in hybrid hospitals in Malaysia

Background and objectives: Malaysia first announced Movement Control Order (MCO) in March 2020 following escalation of COVID-19 outbreak and declaration of pandemic, leading to nationwide partial lockdown. Fear of virus spread and MCO directives were presumed to markedly affect trends in visits to the emergency department (ED). This study aims to observe the trend in ED utilization among hybrid hospitals in Malaysia following the MCO period. Methods: This retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study involved COVID-19 hybrid hospitals under Ministry of Health Malaysia. Hybrid hospitals are institutions that manage both confirmed and non-COVID-19 patients and were included in the study. Full COVID-19 and screening hospitals were excluded. Data were taken from January to October 2020 and compared with 2019 data of same months. Primary outcome is monthly trend of total ED utilization by adult and pediatric population, and secondary outcome observes the trend of ED attendance according to triage categories. Changes in attendance were calculated in percentage. Descriptive analysis was reported in median and interquartile range. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the difference between two medians in each month. Results: A total of 25 hospitals were included in the study. Total attendance to ED has dropped significantly nationwide from March 2020 onward after MCO was initiated. Reduction in total attendance between March and October 2020 ranges between 36.4% and 63.4% with significant difference compared to 2019. Higher percentage of reduction was seen in the pediatric population between 56.2% and 76.1% compared to the adult population which ranged between 32.5% and 60.9%. These differences were significant from April to October 2020 (p<0.05). Comparing the triage categories, no significant difference was seen in utilization of critical zone despite reduction in number of cases. Attendance to semi-critical zones showed significant differences in April to June 2020 with reduction of 47% (p<0.001), 33% (p=0.029), and 29.5% (p=0.021), respectively. Non-critical zone saw significant difference in its utilization from April to October 2020 compared to preceding year Conclusions: This study showed Malaysian perspective of COVID-19 effects on ED utilization during the first outbreak wave. Despite general reduction in total attendance, ED still receives substantial number of critical patients with high-acuity presentations.

Knowledge and compliance to personal protective equipment in emergency department during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia: A cross-sectional questionnaire study

Background and objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) in emergency departments (EDs) are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection due to the unknown status of patients presenting to ED. Strict adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE) is absolute. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of and compliance to use of PPE among ED personnel during COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, web-based questionnaire study conducted in two COVID-19 hospitals and two screening hospitals in Malaysia. A study questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, knowledge, and compliance to COVID-19, and PPE was developed and distributed among HCWs in ED. Participation in this study was voluntary and anonymous. Knowledge score, PPE selection, and proportion of compliane to PPE were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Categorical variables were reported as percentages, while continuous variables as mean with standard deviation (SD) or median with interquartile range (IQR). The association between knowledge score and demographic variables was tested using correlation tests, and regression analysis was performed to determine significant predictors for knowledge and compliance. Results: Of the total 233 respondents, 60.5% were females and 58.8% were doctors. In all, 68.2% had attended training, with 77.3% having attended training less than 6 h in total. In all, 48.9% of respondents were from COVID-19 hospitals and 51.1% from screening hospitals. Mean knowledge score was 14.6 of 19. Choice of PPE between COVID-19 and screening hospitals was comparable in respiratory and non-respiratory zone with variation seen in triage area. In total, 85% perceived training as adequate, but compliance to some PPE was observed only in 46.4%. HCWs in COVID-19 hospitals were 52% significantly less compliant to PPE than those in screening hospitals (odds ratio (OR), 0.48;95% confidence interval (CI), 0.26-0.90, p=0.023). Factors associated with compliance to some PPEs include age, designation, years in service, total hours of training, and type of hospitals. Conclusion: Rate of compliance to PPE in ED remains substandard despite being confident with PPE knowledge, donning and doffing technique, as well as adequacy of training received. Poor compliance to PPE is a major concern as it may adversely affect the frontline healthcare system. Further evaluation of underlying issues is worth exploring.

COVID Tarnish Lung: Residual Radiological Lung Consequences of Infection with COVID-19

Background: COVID-19 has still been expressed as a mysterious viral infection with dramatic pulmonary consequences. Objectives: This article aims to study the radiological pulmonary consequences of respiratory covid-19 infection at 6 months and their relevance to the clinical stage, laboratory markers, and management modalities. Methods: This study was implemented on two hundred and fifty (250) confirmed positive cases for COVID-19 infections. One hundred and ninety-seven cases (197) who completed the study displayed residual radiological lung shadowing (RRLS) on follow-up computed tomography (CT) of the chest. They were categorized by Simple clinical classification of COVID-19 into groups A, B and C. Results: GGO, as well as reticulations, were statistically significantly higher in group A than the other two groups;however, bronchiectasis changes, parenchymal scarring, nodules as well as pleural tractions were statistically significantly higher in group C than the other two groups. Conclusion: Respiratory covid-19 infection might be linked to residual radiological lung shadowing. Ground glass opacities GGO, reticulations pervaded in mild involvement with lower inflammatory markers level, unlike, severe changes that expressed scarring, nodules and bronchiectasis changes accompanied by increased levels of inflammatory markers. © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.